Meet our Blog Writer: Cody Smith, M.D.

Cody Smith, M.D.

About Cody Smith, M.D.

Dr. Smith is a native of California. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from La Sierra University. Later he attended Loma Linda University, where he was awarded a Post-Baccalaureate Certificate in Biomedical Sciences. Dr Smith also obtained a Master of Science in Human Physiology before receiving his medical degree from Loma Linda School of Medicine. Dr. Smith completed postgraduate training in Emergency Medicine in the Department of Emergency Medicine at North Shore University Hospital/NYU School of Medicine, and is board certified in Emergency Medicine. After several years in practice he began to focus on the preventive aspects of medicine and overall health. A fascination with physiology and aging led Dr. Smith into the field of Anti-Aging Medicine. He is currently a member of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine.

Review Supports vitamin K’s fracture reducing power

High dose supplements of vitamin k are effective for reducing the risk of fractures in post menopausal women, according to a new review of the ‘reliabel literature’.

(Nutrition Research, April 2009)

Japanese scientists, led by Jun Iwamoto from Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo, reviewed seven randomized clinical trials for vitamin K1 and K2 in relation to bone health in post-menopausal women.

“Despite the lack of a significant change or the occurrence of only a modest increase in bone mineral density, high-dose vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 supplementation improved indices of bone strength in the femoral neck and reduce the incidence of clinical fractures.” wrote the researchers in Nutrition Research.

“The review of the reliable literature confirmed the effect of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 supplementation on the skeleton of postmenopausal women mediated by mechanisms other than bone mineral densiity and bone turnover.”

K definitions

There are two main forms of vitamin K: phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamins K2). K1 is found in green leafy vegatables sunch as lettuce, broccoli and spinnach, and makes up about 90% of the vitamin K in the typical western diet.

K2 makes up about 10% of the consuption and can also be obtained from the diet. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) can be found in animal meat, while MK-7, MK-8 and MK9 are found in fermented food products like cheese, and natto is a rich source of MK-7

Review details

The randomized clinical trials indentified by the researchers involved at lest 50 subjects, with vitamin K1 doses ranging from 200 micrograms to 5 milligrams per day, or vitamin k2 doses of 45 milligrams per day.

According to the results, found that both forms of vitamin reduced blood levels of undercorboxylated osteocalcin levels regardless of dose. Osteocalin is a vitamin K-dependent protien and is essential for the body to utilize calcium in bone tissue. Without adequate vitamin K, the osteocalin remains in active, and thus not effective.

“The most important findings in this review are that although supplementation with lower doses of vitamin K may be sufficient to reduce serum ucOC levels, supplementation with higher doses may required for optimal bone health,” wrote the reviewers.

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National Menopause Awareness Month

September has been declared National Menopause Awareness Month by Congress. This decision by federal legislators is intended to draw attention to the large public health challenge that menopause brings — and to reinforce that women and their healthcare providers must have accurate, unbiased menopause-related information to enhance women’s health and quality of life at menopause and beyond.

In support of the same goal, October 18 has been designated World Menopause Day by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Menopause represents the end of a woman’s fertility and, on average, occurs at age 51. Although menopause is a natural event, there are potential short-term health effects (e.g. hot flashes) and health consequences over the long term (e.g. osteoporosis).

On-going scientific and medical research means that new information about menopause regularly becomes available. We are available to answer any questions you may have about menopause – just contact us here.

You can also visit the web site of the North American Menopause Society (NAMS), which maintains an exhaustive catalog of current scientific and educational materials.

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Processed Meat Linked to Heart Disease and Diabetes

New research has shown that eating small amounts of processed meats, such as sausages and bacon, each day significantly increases the risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Renanta Micha and colleagues at Harvard School of Public Health reviewed 20 studies involving more than a million people from 10 countries. Results showed that each 50 gram (1.8 oz) daily serving of processed meat (1-2 slices of deli meats or 1 hot dog) was associated with a 42% higher risk of developing heart disease and a 19% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Conversely, eating 100 grams of unprocessed red meat was not associated with an increased risk of either disease.

“To lower risk of heart attacks and diabetes, people should consider which types of meats they are eating. Processed meats such as bacon, salami, sausages, hot dogs, and processed deli meats may be the most important to avoid,” said Micha.

The authors concluded: “Consumption of processed meats, but not red meats, is associated with higher incidence of CHD and diabetes mellitus. These results highlight the need for better understanding of potential mechanisms of effects and for particular focus on processed meats for dietary and policy recommendations.”

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